Appendix-A Converting Geographical Coordinates to UTM
128
= [1
2
4
3
4
64
5
6
256
3
3
2
8
+
3
4
32
+
45
6
1024
sin
2
+
15
4
256
+
45
4
256
+ sin
4
35
6
3072
+ sin
6
+ )]
Converting latitude and longitude to UTM, northing is defined as (=
0
):
=
1
+
2
2
+ 3
4
and considering that is the eccentricity of the Earth‟s elliptical cross-section,
′
=
2
(1
2
)
and =
(1
2
2
)
, we have that
1
=
0
2
=
0
sin
cos()
2
3
=
0
sin
3
24
[(5
2
+ 9
′
2
2
+ 4
′
4
4
]
while easting is:
=
4
+
5
3
and
4
=
0
cos
5
= (
0
cos
3
6
)[1 tan
2
lat
+ e
′
2
cos
2
lat
]
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