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Appendix-A Converting Geographical Coordinates to UTM

127

Appendix-A Converting Geographical

Coordinates to UTM

In the following appendix the method used to convert Geographical coordinates to

UTM coordinates is described. Relationship are used in the GEOtoUTM.m and

UTMtoGEO.m scripts. The geometrical problem is shown in Figure 113.

Figure 113: Geographical to UTM coordinates conversion, geometrical problem

In the previous figure  is the point under consideration,  is the foot of

perpendicular from  to central meridian ( latitude is the footprint latitude),  is the

origin on the Equator, 



is central meridian, 



is the parallel of latitude , 



is the

meridian of , 



= 

 is the meridional arc from equator, 



is the ordinate curvature,





=  is the grid northing, 



=  grid distance from central meridian, 



is the grid

north and  is the convergence or meridians (angle between true and grid north) [Ref

XX]. 

is the scale along the zone central meridian and is equal to 0.9996.

According to the USGS (United States Geological Survey), first the meridional arc

through the point in question is calculated as follow [Ref. (53)]:

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